Bolehkah Menjamak Shalat karena Kegiatan Muhammadiyah yang Padat?
PDM Depok – Oleh: Ust. Nur Fajri Romadhon*
Sebagian warga Muhammadiyah ragu saat panitia suatu kegiatan yang diselenggarakan oleh Muhammadiyah ranting/cabangnya, misalnya, sangat padat lalu panitia memutuskan untuk menjamak shalat Zuhur dan Ashar. Keraguan ini dianggap wajar karena pendapat mayoritas ulama memang tidak membolehkan jamak shalat dalam kondisi tidak sedang safar.
Akan tetapi, itu bukanlah kesepakatan ulama. Bukan merupakan satu-satunya pendapat dalam fikih. Ada pendapat banyak ulama lainnya yang membolehkan menjamak shalat karena kebutuhan, meski tidak sedang safar. Di antara mereka ialah sebagian ulama mazhab Syāfi’iyy seperti Ibnul Mundzir, Al-Qaffāl Asy-Syāsyiyy, dan Al-Marwaziyy, juga pendapat Asyhab dari mazhab Mālikiyy, dan Ibnu Sīrīn dan Rabī’ah dari kalangan tābi’īn. [Al-Majmū’ IV/384 & Fatḥul Bārī II/24].
Inilah pendapat yang dipandang lebih kuat oleh Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah (selanjutnya disingkat MTT Pusat) yang pernah ditanya pada tahun 2004: “Bolehkah seseorang menjamak/mengqashar shalat apabila dia sedang mengikuti sidang/musyawarah/kegiatan yang sangat penting dan tidak bisa ditunda?” Kemudian MTT Pusat menjawab: “… menjamak shalat karena sedang hajat adalah boleh, asalkan tidak dijadikan kebiasaan.” [Tanya Jawab Agama VI/80-83].
Di antara dalil kebolehan menjamak salat bagi nonmusafir karena ada kebutuhan selama tidak jadi kebiasaan tadi ialah hadis yang diriwayatkan dari Ibnu Abbas radhiyallāhu ‘anhumā di mana beliau berkata: Rasulullah shallallāhu ‘alaihi wasallam shalat Zuhur dan Ashar secara jamak, dan juga Maghrib dan Isya’ secara jamak, tanpa karena takut dan bepergian.” [HR. Muslim].
Akan tetapi, penting diingat bahwa kebolehan menjamak di atas tidak boleh didasarkan pada kebiasaan tanpa memperhatikan faktor hajat/keperluan. Misalnya, setiap mengadakan kegiatan kemuhammadiyahan selalu ditradisikan menjamak shalat, padahal agendanya tidak padat serta tak ada keperluan/hajat. MTT Pusat pun sudah pertegas di fatwa lain: “… jangan dijadikan kebiasaan, karena hanya merupakan keinginan. Jadi hanya dalam keadaan yang sangat memerlukan ….” [Tanya Jawab Agama III/86].
Parung, 2 Desember 2023
*Ketua Majelis Tarjih & Tajdid Muhammadiyah Kota Depok
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